The Sporting Hippeaux's 2010 Shoulder Surgery Survey

I've recently been participating in some preseason roundtables over at Inside Pulse Sports.  Our discussion of the Arizona Diamondbacks, specifically Brandon Webb, prompted a little debate about the effectivity of shoulder surgeries.  The conversations got me thinking, 2010 is going to be an important season for surgeons.  Webb is just one of several notable pitchers who are returning to work after a major reconstructive surgery cost them the better part of the 2009 season.

In recent years, even the casual baseball fan has become familiar with "Tommy John surgery," the elbow operation which hundreds of major-leaguers have undergone.  The procedure has become so effective that are even cases of pitchers increasing their velocity upon returning.  Tim Hudson, Jake Westbrook, and Shaun Marcum are among the Tommy John recoverers who should be ready at the beginning of 2010.

Major shoulder injuries, on the other hand, are viewed as the death knell for pitchers.  Randy Johnson's discovery that his rotator cuff was going to require surgery may well have been what prompted his decision to retire.  Mark Prior had a shoulder replacement in 2007 and still hasn't made his way back to a big-league mound.  Mark Mulder has been trying to make his way back from a 2007 operation, but has managed only a dozen innings (and not good ones, either).  Shoulder injuries which required surgery also cut short the relatively promising careers of Matt Clement and Kris Benson.  The list is goes on.

There have, however, been a few instances of full recovery.  Pedro Martinez had to have his rotator cuff repaired in 2007 and while he struggled in 2008, his return to the mound last season with the Phillies was very successful.  Chris Carpenter had his labrum repaired in 2002 and has since been one of the best pitchers in all of baseball, winning a Cy Young in 2005.  Al Leiter had both Tommy John and shoulder surgery in 1989, at the age of 23, and proceeded to have an excellent career.  This experience helps lend a little credence to Leiter's prediction, as an MLB Network analyst, that Webb would be able to make a full recovery because he relies mainly on a sinker and has never needed an overpowering fastball (Leiter had a similar arsenal).    

A 2008 study of orthopedic surgeons found that only about a third of professional players were able to achieve their pre-injury level of production following a major shoulder surgery.  More than a third not only were unable to regain their former glory, but were forced into retirement.  Elbow surgeries faired much better, with slightly more than half of the players returning to full strength or even improving.  Sadly, it was still true that 30-40% of players were permanently effected to an extent that they were unable to continue to play.  More recent surveys have the specific ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, known as "Tommy John," succeeding at a much higher rate, perhaps as high as 80-90%, though not every player gets a full recovery and the rehabilitation and strengthening process can be very lengthy.

Two years is a long time in terms of 21st-Century medical technology, so perhaps it's time for another look.  Eight noteworthy pitchers with be returning from shoulder operations early in 2010.  Throughout the season I'll be closely monitoring their progress and providing updates and analysis in hopes of understanding a little more about the long-term effects of this difficult and unpredictable procedure.

Here's our roster: